ENCprime is a program that calculates a codon usage bias summary statistic, Nc’. It is based on the effective number of codons statistic Nc (or ENC) developed by Frank Wright, but improves upon it by accounting for background nucleotide composition.
Sherlocc is a PERL written program able to scan Pfam protein families for conserved regions that have a low codon usage frequency (rare codon clusters). This program represents a novel approach as it is efficient enough to perform large-scale analysis of the proteome via the Pfam protein family database (representing about 70% of the known protein universe).
RCA (Relative codon adaptation) is a novel index for measuring codon adaptation in genomic sequences. Similar to CAI, RCA can use a reference geneset to estimate gene expression, but RCA takes directly into account the background nucleotide distribution.
The CAIcal (Codon Adaptation Index calulator) server performs several computations in relation to codon usage and the codon adaptation of DNA or RNA sequences to host organisms.
INCA provides an array of features useful in analysis of synonymous codon usage in whole genomes. In addition to computing codon frequencies and several usage indices, such as ‘codon bias’, effective Nc and CAI, the primary strength of INCA has numerous options for the interactive graphical display of calculated values, thus allowing visual detection of various trends in codon usage. Finally, INCA includes a specific unsupervised neural network algorithm, the self-organizing map, used for gene clustering according to the preferred utilization of codons.
RescueNet (Relative Synonymous Codon Usage Neural Network) uses the Self-Organizing Map neural network algorithm for codon usage anaysis and gene-prediction. In its gene prediction functionality, RescueNet can estimate multiple models of gene codon usage properties during training. This offers advantageous gene-finding performance in cases where a diverse number of codon usage patterns are displayed. Examples include metagenomic datasets and prokaryotic genomes where mutational pressure, translational efficiency and horizontal gene transfer have diversified the displayed codon usage patterns.